Depression (Menopause-Related Risk)
Women are at an increased risk of developing new-onset or recurrent depression during the menopausal transition, particularly perimenopause. This vulnerability is linked to fluctuating hormones affecting brain chemistry, sleep disturbances, vasomotor symptoms, and psychosocial stressors. Symptoms include persistent low mood, loss of interest or pleasure, fatigue, changes in appetite or sleep, feelings of worthlessness, and difficulty concentrating. It's crucial to differentiate this from temporary low mood and seek professional help, especially if experiencing suicidal thoughts. Effective treatments are available.
Management Strategies
- Light therapy (for seasonal patterns)
- Brain stimulation therapies (e.g., TMS - for treatment-resistant depression)
- Regular exercise
- Healthy diet
- Adequate sleep
- Stress management
- Social connection
- Limiting alcohol
- Psychotherapy (CBT, interpersonal therapy - IPT)
- Support groups
- Antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs, others - choice depends on individual factors)
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) - may improve mood symptoms in perimenopausal women, especially if related to VMS/hormone shifts, but generally not first-line *solely* for clinical depression; may be used adjunctively.
Impact
- Significant distress
- Impaired functioning (work, social, personal)
- Increased risk of suicide
- Worsening of physical health
Diagnostic Considerations
Clinical diagnosis by healthcare professional based on standardized criteria. Screening tools (e.g., PHQ-9) can aid detection. **Immediate help should be sought if experiencing suicidal thoughts.**